Slave Dbq

Julie Giaimo DBQ Going back to 1619, Africans were purchased to America and offered to Americans as laborers. It wasn’t some time before subjugation turned into a dubious issue. Through the span of very nearly over two centuries the discussion of climate to proceed or nullify subjection went on. The supporters and the abolitionist had their contentions on how they saw subjection, and the legislature had their influence as well. The individuals who upheld servitude were generally southerners. Representative John C. Calhoun states that subjugation is a â€Å"positive good†.He says that through bondage, the states of the races improved genuinely, ethically, and mentally and the two races of high contrast were united. Calhoun likewise says that the day to day environments for the slaves were acceptable and they were dealt with. Be that as it may, as a general rule, the slaves were living in shacks dreading for their lives and wanting to think not to get beaten by their slav e proprietor following a long hard day of working in the rankling sun on the ranches (record 2). Another man against the annulment of servitude is Chancellor Harper.According to Harper, the liberated slaves would hurt the economy of the United States and Europe. This is on the grounds that he accepted that the free workers would strike against working for higher pays and they wouldn’t carry out their responsibilities, accordingly influencing the exchange. The slaves got paid yet extremely low sums contrasted with the difficult work that they put into their employments (report 3). Those were a few contentions of individuals who upheld servitude and accepted that it ought to be proceeded. Individuals who didn’t trust in servitude are known as abolitionist.

CDA analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CDA examination - Essay Example Accordingly, the chose component is a talk, and its examination has three measurement: as a book, sentence-by-sentence, and the words and expressions assessment. Right off the bat, the content overall is near the class of political discourse, since its substance is for the most part dependent on the discourse made by Michelle Obama. In this unique circumstance, it has her immediate citations both in the content and in the video. In any case, the substance and the remarks on the discourse cause this talk to look like the cut of life type with easygoing style of composing, which implies that the Guardian gave the discourse itself its emotional reflection on it. On the edges, the specific ideas that join content are two fundamental characters †from one viewpoint, it examines â€Å"ethnicity,† â€Å"black race,† and â€Å"African Americans† (it alludes to both the speaker and to Tuskegee University understudies); on another hand, the family esteems show up in the content as â€Å"my husband’s chances,† â€Å"my girls,† and â€Å"kids and families.† Moreover, these two personalities are in vari ous situation as far as foregrounding and backgrounding, in light of the fact that toward the finish of the content there shows up the end that â€Å"folks like you and me† (which means the race) must put stock in their latent capacity (which means acknowledgment in family life). On the instances of oversight inside the content, it doesn't specify any legitimization of first lady’s words with the realities from her account; at the end of the day, perusers have only to fall under enthusiastic impression in what is given in the content. Likewise, the voice of white open is ignored by this talk, as the African American first woman addresses the â€Å"mainly dark graduates.† Although, the content incorporates flat intertextuality, as it has two direct citations from different well known individuals on a similar subject. Despite the fact that they have inverse feelings, the article doesn't uncover any help to them and gives just concise data on their

Negative Reinforcement and Operant Conditioning

Negative Reinforcement and Operant Conditioning Theories Behavioral Psychology Print How Negative Reinforcement Works By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 13, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 17, 2019 More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Negative reinforcement is a term described by B. F. Skinner in his theory of operant conditioning. In negative reinforcement, a response or behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing, or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus.?? Aversive stimuli tend to involve some type of discomfort, either physical or psychological. Behaviors are negatively reinforced when they allow you to escape from aversive stimuli that are already present or allow you to completely avoid the aversive stimuli before they happen. Deciding to take an antacid before you indulge in a spicy meal is an example of negative reinforcement. You engage in an action in order to avoid a negative result. One of the best ways to remember negative reinforcement is to think of it as something being subtracted from the situation. When you look at it in this way, it may be easier to identify examples of negative reinforcement in the real-world. Verywell / Jessica Olah Examples of Negative Reinforcement Learn more by looking at the following examples: Before heading out for a day at the beach, you slather on sunscreen (the behavior) to avoid getting sunburned (removal of the aversive stimulus).You decide to clean up your mess in the kitchen (the behavior) to avoid getting into a fight with your roommate (removal of the aversive stimulus).On Monday morning, you leave the house early (the behavior) to avoid getting stuck in traffic and being late for work  (removal of an aversive stimulus).At dinner time, a child pouts and refuses to each the vegetables on her plate. Her parents quickly take the offending veggies away. Since the behavior (pouting) led to the removal of the aversive stimulus (the veggies), this is an example of negative reinforcement. Can you identify the negative reinforcer in each of these examples? Sunburn, a fight with your roommate and being late for work are all negative outcomes that were avoided by performing a specific behavior. By eliminating these undesirable outcomes, the preventative behaviors become more likely to occur again in the future. Negative Reinforcement vs.  Punishment One mistake that people often make is confusing negative reinforcement with punishment. Remember, however, that negative reinforcement involves the removal of a negative condition to strengthen a behavior. Punishment, on the other hand, involves either presenting or taking away a stimulus to weaken a behavior. Consider the following example and determine whether you think it is an example of negative reinforcement or punishment: Timmy is supposed to clean his room every Saturday morning. Last weekend, he went out to play with his friend without cleaning his room. As a result, his father made him spend the rest of the weekend doing other chores like cleaning out the garage, mowing the lawn, and weeding the garden, in addition to cleaning his room. If you said that this was an example of punishment, then you are correct. Because Timmy didnt clean his room, his father punished him by having to do extra chores. If you are trying to distinguish between negative reinforcement or punishment, consider whether something is being added or taken away from a situation. If something is being added or applied as a consequence of a behavior, then it is an example of punishment. If something is being removed in order to avoid or relieve an unwanted outcome, then it is an example of negative reinforcement in action.   When Is Negative Reinforcement Most Effective? Negative reinforcement can be an effective way to strengthen the desired behavior. However, it is most effective when reinforcers are presented immediately following a behavior. When a long period elapses between the behavior and the reinforcer, the response is likely to be weaker. In some cases, behaviors that occur in the intervening time between the initial action and the reinforcer are may also be inadvertently strengthened as well. Some experts believe that negative reinforcement should be used sparingly in classroom settings, while positive reinforcement should be emphasized.?? While negative reinforcement can produce immediate results, it may be best suited for short-term use. The type of reinforcement used is important, but the frequency and schedule used also plays a major role in the strength of the response. The schedule of reinforcement that is used can have an important impact not only how quickly a behavior is learned, but also on the strength of the response.??

Reflective Reflection - 817 Words

As I reflect at the end of the semester on my work throughout the semester, I see that I have improved as a writer. I feel like I have overcome my weakness and have turned them into strengths that can be used in my future courses. Over the semester I have worked on different types of papers and have used major and minor writing processes. I have also became more familiar with the APA writing format. One of the major writing processes that I have used is prewriting. During this process I like to use an outline to organize my writing. This writing process has helped me write my papers more smoothly. Even though I really could not use an outline on all of my papers, for example the annotated bibliography. I could use an outline on the theory†¦show more content†¦The risks I have taken in my writing process or in my final writing products over the course of the semester, is procrastination and not finding enough evidence. Procrastination has been a risk for me because I have waited till the last minute to do assignments. This has caused me to get lower grades on some papers. Not finding enough evidence has caused me to run out of things to say in my papers. This has caused my papers to be shorter than the length it is required to be. Taking risks in writing can be challenging and sometimes the outcome may not be what you want it to be. It could mean you are taking a gamble with your grade. Over the semester I have experienced this and realized what I need to improve on. When I experienced these risks I have learned from them. I hope to improve in the risks I took and will carry them when I take English next semester or once I transfer to a University. When I did the literary analysis assignment I did not have enough evidence throughout the paper. I lacked the length that my paper was supposed to be and it showed in my grade because I received a C on the paper. When I first started reading Siddhartha I really did not understand the author’s word choice and it was hard for me to understand the context. When we had to complete a literary analysis chart this gave me a better understanding of the context and helped me write my analysis paper about the book. When I did my annotated bibliography assignment I took aShow MoreRelatedReflective Reflection On Reflective Practice2289 Words   |  10 PagesReflection is considered as a state of mind which is a continuous practice (Fanghanel, 2004, p. 576). It yields confidential and safe ways to demonstrate personal experiences as well as continuously challenging perceptions, illusions and biases that can be damaging to cultures and society. Reflective practice enables the practitioner to learn about themselves and their work, their culture and society in which they live. 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One of these reflective models will be used to provide a critical analysis of my experience on the Study Skills and Employability module. Critical reflection will be included on how I felt during the module and what I have learnt from the module as well as what I would do next time if I was to repeat the module again. Reflection/ Reflective practice Reflection involves looking back on an experienceRead MoreReflective Reflection895 Words   |  4 PagesI do not recall learning about reflective practice in my undergraduate studies. Reflective practice according to Barbour (2013), â€Å"is the cyclic process of internally examining and exploring an issue of concern, triggered by an experience, which creates and clarifies meaning in terms of self, existing knowledge, and experience; resulting in a changed conceptual perceptive and practice† (p. 7). According to Barbour (2013), reflective process has many positive outcomes to help guide the nurse to becomeRead MoreReflective Reflection819 Words   |  4 PagesThis reflective essay will be adopted from Rolfe, Freshwater and Jasper’s (2001) reflection model. This reflection is based on a case study that I have read and will be based on the intervention I have chosen to treat the patient. Mr. Castello was admitted to the ward for observation after a fight and sustainin g a laceration to his right forehead from a beer bottle and extensive bruising and scratches to his left arm. Mr. Castello had a pre-existing chest infection, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)Read MoreReflective Reflection : Reflective Learning913 Words   |  4 PagesReflective learning leads to the growth of an individual both in the personal and professional life supporting him morally, emotionally and psychologically. Reflection learning can help us better understand our strengths and weakness. It also helps us identify our questions values and beliefs. It encourages acknowledging and challenging possible assumptions on which our feelings, ideas actions and reactions are based. We can identify the areas of discrimination and acknowledge our fears. Also, itRead MoreReflective Reflection On Reflective Practice1332 Words   |  6 Pages Reflective Practice in Special Education Using Action Research Sunny Suzanne West St. Joseph’s University Course Title â€Æ' Abstract: Reflective Practices in Special Education Using Action Research Title and Link to Study: Promoting Reflective Practices in Special Education through Action Research: Recommendations from Pre-service Teachers; Paula Wenner Conroy http://journals.library.wisc.edu/index.php/networks Research Problem and Purpose of the Study: What is reflective

South China Sea Between The People s Republic Of China Essay

INTRODUCTION The ongoing dispute in the South China Sea between the People’s Republic of China (PRC), and the various littoral states (Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, and the Philippines) has been a topic of intense debate and observation in the international community. While each of the littoral states attempts to enforce and control the 200 nautical-mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) allotted to them by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the PRC is claiming much of the South China Sea for itself—roughly 90 percent—on the basis of a Kuomintang map from 1947 (Fensom, 2016). This â€Å"nine-dash line† extends well beyond the 200-nm limit and into the EEZ’s of the respective littoral states. These claims include the Paracel Islands, which the PRC clashed with Vietnam over in the 1970s; Scarborough Shoal, a coral atoll and lagoon west of the Philippines; and the Spratly Islands, a large collection of small, uninhabited islands, reefs, and sand bars on the southern edge of the South China Sea. Additionally, the PRC claims EEZs on its occupied features, despite the Permanent Court of Arbitration’s (PCA) ruling that all the Spratly Island features are â€Å"rocks† and therefore are not entitled to EEZs (Permanent Court of Arbitration, 2016). Chinese control of these features would allow them to effectively control the entire South China Sea. 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The South China Sea has been a region of large dispute over both unresolved island and maritime claims by the People’s Republic of China, Republic of China (Taiwan), Brunei, Malaysia,Read MoreThe Issue Of The Island Territories Within The South China Sea And The Subsequent Buildup Of Naval Forces1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Disputed Island Territories within the South China Sea and the Subsequent Buildup of Naval Forces The territorial disputes in the South China Sea have been a minor ongoing issue with multiple sovereign states, most notably Brunei, the Peoples Republic of China, the Republic of China, Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam, claiming overlapping territory in the Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands and the area around the Gulf of Tonkin. The overlapping claims began in 1876 with China’s earliest documentedRead MoreThe Philippine Culture And Its Cultural Diversity1265 Words   |  6 Pagesdiversity. 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In contrast, the South side countervailed by taking the part in the war with United Nations Forces which was composed the United States, United Kingdom, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Canada, Turkey, Ethiopia, Thai, Phi lippine, Columbia, Greece, Australia, New Zealand, South AfricaRead MoreThe World s Economic Development1696 Words   |  7 Pagesand change the eastern world’s pattern.The China supported North Korean during the Korean war.Because China,the Soviet Union,the United State and some other country in the United Nations,this civil war in Korean affect the world’s economic development and the whole world Pattern.And in this world United State supported the South Korean,so this war is a war represent the conflict between democracy which the western world support and the communism which China and the Soviet Union follow.Two side of theRead MoreThe Soviet Union s Puppet1377 Words   |  6 PagesThe Soviet Union’s Puppet â€Å"The only course for the Chinese people is to remain determined to go on fighting side by side with the Korean people†¦ However many years U.S. imperialism wants to fight, we are ready to fight right up to the moment of complete victory for the Chinese and Korean people,† Mao Zedong said on February 7, 1953. 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The area receives 1/3rd of the world’sRead MoreKorean War : South Korea1510 Words   |  7 Pagesparts in 1945, North Korea and South Korea. Geographically, Korea is located on the Korean Peninsula, under north China and eastern Russia and separated with Japan by East sea。 Korea was under the control of Japan since 1910 until the end of World War 2. In August of 1945, the surrender of Japanese declared the surrender of the force in Korea. Soviet Union and US were the main force against Japan and they helped the independence of Korea from Japan. â€Å" No people in the world could want a new world

Christopher Nolan Free Essays

No one has had as impressive of a career as Christopher Jonathan James Nolan. His films have earned $3. 3 billion at the global box office, and the total is still growing. We will write a custom essay sample on Christopher Nolan or any similar topic only for you Order Now This British/American screenwriter, director and producer’s most popular films include The Dark Knight (2008), Inception (2010) and The Dark Knight Rises (2012). Remarkably, many critics have lined up as well, embracing both Nolan’s more offbeat productions, like Memento (2000) and The Prestige (2006), and his blockbusters (Price and Dawson, 2009). Nolan is now routinely considered one of the most accomplished living filmmakers. This essay will analyze the types of techniques he has used to create heart-stopping films, and will more specifically look at his methods used in creating Insomnia (2002), his first studio film. I will also be analyzing the defaults in some of him major productions, and how his films can be improved. Despite his blockbuster hits, many critics fiercely dislike his work. They regard it as intellectually shallow, dramatically clumsy, and technically unskilled (Price and Dawson, 2009). As far as I can tell, no popular filmmaker’s work of recent years has received such harsh criticism as Nolan has. People seem to disapprove of his continuity errors and patchy plots, but this severe attack on his films are probably due to his elevated reputation. Personally, I admire some of Nolan’s films and see him as an innovative filmmaker although critics sometimes believe his techniques are weak. His film history gives us an occasion to look at some issues about creativity and innovation in popular motion pictures. There are four main ways that a filmmaker can be innovative; by subject matter, themes, formal strategies and level of style (WordPress, 2011). Out of all four innovation techniques, Nolan seems to be lacking a level of style the most. This evidence can be found in Insomnia (2002), his first studio film; A Los Angeles detective and his partner come to an Alaskan town to investigate the murder of a teenage girl. While chasing a suspect in the fog, Dormer shoots his partner Hap and then lies about it, trying to pin the killing on the suspect. But the suspect who is a famous author who did kill the girl, knows what really happened. He pressures Dormer to cover for both of them by framing the girl’s boyfriend. Meanwhile, Dormer is undergoing scrutiny by Ellie, a young officer who idolizes him but who must investigate Hap’s death. And throughout it all, Dormer becomes bleary and disoriented because, the twenty-four-hour daylight won’t let him sleep. Nolan said at the time that what interested him in the script was the prospect of character subjectivity, â€Å"A big part of my interest in filmmaking is an interest in showing the audience a story through a character’s point of view. It’s interesting to try and do that and maintain a relatively natural look. This is because he wanted to keep the audience in Dormer’s head. Having already done that to an extent in Memento, he saw it as a logical way of presenting Dormer’s slow breakdown. But Nolan wanted to keep his work subjective and as a result chose to break up scenes with fragmentary flashes of the crime and of clues—painted nails, a necklace. Early in the film, Dormer is studying Kay Connel l’s corpse, and we get flashes of the murder and its aftermath, the killer sprucing up the corpse. At first it seems that Dormer feels what happened by noticing clues on Kay’s body. But the film’s credits started with similar glimpses of the killing, as if from the killer’s point of view, and there’s an ambiguity about whether the images later are Dormer’s imaginative reconstruction, or reminders of the killer’s vision—establishing that uneasy link of cop and crook. Similarly, sudden cutting is used to introduce images that get clarified in the course of the film. At the start, we see blood seeping through threads, and then shots of hands carefully depositing blood on a fabric. Then we see shots of Dormer flying in to the crime scene. We learn in the course of the film that these are flashbacks to Dormer’s framing of another suspect back in Los Angeles. Once again, these images are more or less subjective, and they echo the killer’s patient tidying up. Nolan’s style seems to tie into rapid cutting passages. For example, Insomnia has over 3400 shots in its 111 minutes, making the average shot just under two seconds long (WordPress). This type of fast editing can suit bursts of mental imagery, but makes the dialogue hard to understand. In the scene in which Dormer and Hap arrive at the Alaskan police station as an example of the over-busy tempo that can come along with a style based in â€Å"intensified continuity. † In a seventy-second scene, there are 39 shots, so the average is about 1. 8 seconds—a pace typical of the film and of the intensified approach generally (Ressner, 2012). Apart from one exterior long-shot of the police station and four inserts of hands, the characters’ interplay is captured almost entirely in singles—that is, shots of only one actor. Out of the 34 shots of actors’ faces and upper bodies, 24 are singles (Ressner, 2012). Most of these serve to pick up individual lines of dialogue or characters’ reactions to other lines. Fast cutting scenes like this are not supposed to break up spatial orientation. In many of this movie’s scenes there are a couple of bumps in the eyeline-matching, but all in all the shot is continuous. As I watched the DVD commentary, Nolan explains that he tried to anchor the axis of action, around Dormer/Pacino, so the eyelines were consistent with his position. The scene’s development and the actors’ line readings are emphasized by the cutting. In contrast, the lighting and framing remain almost unchanged. The editing-driven approach to staging and shooting is clearly Nolan’s preference for many projects; he storyboards only the big action sequences. We can find this loose shooting and abrupt editing in most of Nolan’s films therefor they don’t seem to display innovative, or skilful visual style. I believe his chief areas of innovation are in theme and form. The thematic dimension is easy to see in his films. There’s the issue of uncertain identity, which becomes obvious in Memento and the Batman films. The lost-woman motif, from Leonard’s wife in Memento to Rachel in the two late Batman movies, gives Nolan’s films the recurring theme of vengeance. There is also the theme of the man doomed to solitude and unhappiness, always grieving. This obsessive circling around personal identity and the loss of a lover carries emotional conviction in most of Nolan’s current films and the success of these films owe a good deal to the performances of the actors such as Guy Pearce, Hugh Jackman, Christian Bale, and Leonardo DiCaprio. It can be argued that these psychological themes aren’t very original, especially in mystery-based plots, but the Batman films offer something fresher. The Dark Knight trilogy has attracted attention for its search to find real world significance in comic-book material. Many have objected that Superman, who has the power to redirect rivers, prevent asteroid collisions, and expose political corruption, devotes too much of his time to thwarting bank robbers (Price and Dawson, 2009). Nolan and his colleagues have sought to reply to this cliche by adding in plots of heists, fights, chases, explosions, kidnappings, ticking bombs, and pistols with sociopolitical problems. The Dark Knight mainly raises ideas about terrorism, torture, surveillance, and the need to keep the public in the dark about its heroes. It is easy to see that Nolan and his colleagues are undoubtedly giving the superhero genre a new importance in the film industry. Nolan’s innovations seem strongest in the area of narrative form. He’s fascinated by unusual storytelling strategies. Those aren’t developed at full stretch in Insomnia or the Dark Knight trilogy, but other films put them on display. In the Batman trilogy, subjectivity is put on hold. Nolan’s first two films reconcile subjectivity in more unusual ways; instead of expanding our range of knowledge to many characters, nearly the whole film is confined to what happens to one protagonist. Likewise, Memento confines us to a single protagonist and skips between his memories and immediate experiences; one series of incidents is presented as moving chronologically while another is presented in reverse order. While ambitious filmmakers are competing to create cliche narratives and complex films, Nolan raises the stakes by bringing breath-taking cinematic storytelling to life. His movies, unlike any other living filmmaker, are motivated through dreams and modernized with a blend of science fiction, fantasy and action pictures. Above all, the dream motivation allowed him to create unforgettable stories that are now embedded in the minds of millions of viewers. How to cite Christopher Nolan, Essay examples

Who is Peter Winch Essay Example

Who is Peter Winch Essay Peter Winch was a British philosopher known for his contributions in the philosophy of Social science. His concerns were regarding the nature of philosophy and the society.   He argued against the view that in order to understand social life, the social sciences should adopt the methods of the natural sciences (D. Z. Phillips, 1997). He said that it is important to pay attention to the places and the way of living to which a person belongs. Winch wants philosophy to tell us how human beings make sense of the reality in which they live in and how their reality is made intelligible(Lerner, 2002).Winch’s ContributionsHe has contributions in the fields of ethics, to the understanding of the Holocaust, to the philosophy of literature, to Wittgenstein scholarship, and in translating some of the Wittgenstein’s work. (Read). One of his most popular contributions to philosophy is his writing in Wittgenstein (1969) which has the views of two different philosophers, the two Witt gensteins. Wherein the Wittgensteins’ view led to the misreading of all Wittgenstein works(Diamond, 2005). According to Winch, philosophy cannot tell us everything about a particular phenomenon that occurs. It has something to do with the conditions that must be applied to reality in order for it to be accessible to human.Winch also has his fair share of contributions in the philosophy of religion and the positivist approach in the social sciences. His greatest work that contributed largely in the world of Philosophy and Social sciences is â€Å"The idea of a social science and its relation to philosophy†. Other works include Understanding a Primitive Society in 1972, Studies in the Philosophy of Wittgenstein in 1969, Ethics and Action in 1972, Simone Weil, the Just Balance in 1989 and Trying to Make Sense in 1987.However, the most noteworthy contribution of Winch is his work on the writings of Wittgenstein. Winch said in that work that whichever philosophy or social s cience which failed to recognize human action is not worthy in understanding social aspects of human actions. However, while Collingwood saw the study of history as not that easy to understand. Winch attacked the social sciences for treating human beings as if they were physical objects or some other substance for scientific experiments. Winch claimed that most of sociology is in fact not a kind of science, but a masked form of philosophy.Quotations from his Winch’s worksA remarkable example from the book Idea of Social science (which also one of his remarkable works) is stated in the following sentences. Winch said â€Å"I have wanted to explain by examples that a new way of discussion adequately is significant to the level of new ideas that implies a fresh set of social affairs. Likewise with the dying out of a way of communication. Taking into the concept of friendship; as read in Penelope Hall’s book The Social Services of Modern England (Routledge), it is the dut y of the social worker to be friends with her client yet she must also take into account the obligation she has on the agency that she is employed. These may create a conflict as it has been understood, which has embarked on the division of loyalty as it may prove to be double dealing. The scope to which the old idea gives way to a new one may indicate that social relationship is poor (or if anyone would contest it to their own value and moral attitude at least it is bound to change). It does not mean that when a simple change in the meaning of a word would prevent people from having relationship with the people that they want, this state fails to see that our dialogue and social relations are just two different things with the same makeup. This implies that in order to explain the meaning of a word it must be represented on how it is used, and to describe how it used it must express the social interaction it is in.† Winch stated â€Å"in considering the nature of thought one is led also to consider the nature of language†(Lerner, 2002) he believes that one does not have to be scientist with a cognitive thought to understand human thoughts. He believes that in order to understand the society, it is not mainly the positivist way of understanding things which leads the way nor how people perceive the way things are working out but it must also be set out on different aspect because understanding humans is about dealing with different complex structures that cannot be focused on one aspect only. According to Winch, in order to understand the way people behave, it is important that it is based on reality. It includes human activities and the nature of human society.It is through interpersonal relationships that reality is set out and carried, but intelligibility plays a crucial role too. According to Lerner, the concept of following rules and his identification of the following as the hallmark of specifically human behavior wherein Winch derives the c entral lessons of his philosophy. Winch’s theory is dependent on the rule following fallibility, understanding and reflectiveness. Fallibility, when rule is applied, is possible that the rule could have applied or misapplied in a situation, then the individual must then understand what rule they will apply and how it will reflect the rule that is applied in the situation. Lerner still argues that a rule determines that a behavior is in correct or incorrect depending on the circumstances that are presented. Another aspect is in the content of the rule; each action is classified as having been performed in accordance to the rule or against the rule. It is possible that one may say if a behavior is incorrect or correct with regards if no rules has been set, yet it is still dependent on the kind of understanding that we have. In understanding rules, it is important to take into account the ability of the person in following rules. It simply means that although one may carry or fo llow the rule, there are still chances that one may break the rule when they decide to. Reflectiveness on the other hand has a connection to the understanding in which understanding requires the awareness of the rule being followed. Reflection allows a role to be determined by the nature of the rule itself.When confronted with human behavior, a social scientist may have two approaches in investigating. These two approaches are the explanation and the interpretation. In explanation, it involves how a particular behavior belongs to a category of behaviors. In terms of rules, this category of behaviors is casually connected with the other conditions. Interpretation is somehow related with explanation. It means that for you to understand the behavior, you must first interpret it and expound it through explanation.Some of Winch’s Philosophies and IdealsWinch’s Wittgenstein-inspired review of positivism included both negative and affirmative dimensions. In his terms, it invo lved characterizations both of how the nature of social life should not be understood and investigated, and twinned but contrasting characterizations of its real nature and hence of how investigations and reflections concerning it ought to be conducted (Flatham, 2007).According to Creasman, from the idea of a Social Science and its relation to philosophy from the first passageâ€Å"†¦the notion of following a rule is logically inseparable from the notion of making a mistake†, in learning to act morally, the rules that we follow are explained by defining what violates such rules which then helps set the boundaries for what is acceptable. Acceptable rule are the ones that judges the standards of morality and is tolerated by the society. Rules that are set out may break or make a society; it is within the scope of the rules that the society follows that makes it a standard and makes it morally acceptable. Although in this manner not everything in rules that is accepted is v iewed morally this is contradictory to Winch because problems may rise in the consistency of the moral action when rules of that moral action is not known. Laws that can explain the past behaviors inaccurately may be mobilized to foresee or even control the future behavior for policy making. Until now well predictive sociology would not necessarily accomplish our outlook on society.Winch’s philosophy in social sciences revolves around the understanding that science itself is not only the basis of understanding human aspect. Science can investigate the nature itself as a cause and effect of real things but with philosophy it is the nature itself in general and not just its aspect. Winch adopts from Wittgenstein and others, there is no such thing as a fact (social or otherwise) apart from a ‘mechanism’ – a language-game, practice, form of life – the conventions and norms, rules and practices of which accord or assign to our perceiving and ideas, the s tanding of identifying this or that is different to an anything or a nothing. The fact that there is reality or what we call nature, it is our languages and from our constructions on how to interpret and apply them is somehow an idea but is reality itself. Winch’s makes it clear that different versions of this thinking have been expressed by the different philosophers that are inclined by Wittgenstein. According to Flatham a historian’s philosophy and thinking about the human sciences could readily identify numerous other ancestor and descendant to Wittgenstein in this respect (e.g. Montaigne, Vico and Hume, Nietzsche and James, Peter Strawson, Donald Davidson, Charles Taylor and Stanley Cavell, Heidegger, Derrida and Foucault) but Winch was certainly justified in foregrounding the perhaps rarely necessary character of these extents of Wittgenstein’s thinking.The differences among the frequent formulations of the understanding are not only of past interest but o f ongoing philosophical and social scientific implication. But according to Winch these views are less important than underlining, to him the unique power of challenges that Wittgenstein’s modification of these ways of thinking posed to broadly received conceptions of philosophy, of society and social science. Several students of social life, mainly in the philosophy of social science, and in anthropology, history, and political, legal and social theory paid close and open attention to his related point of view in these rational domains. His domains that he fought with, therefore his arguments against them have definite even dated worth. Winch’s Wittgenstein-inspired review of positivism and positivist social science included both negative or privative and positive proportions. It draws in characterizations of how the character of social life should not be unstated and investigated, and twinned but contrasting character of its real nature and how investigations and ref lections regarding it must to be conducted.The task of the natural scientist was to go through under the superficial and often mistaken ordinary language and usually accepted understandings of physical nature. On their views the study of social life could become really scientific only if and to the possibility that it set aside prevalently used and acknowledged languages and beliefs, traditions, conventions and policy; replacing them with concepts and categories, regularities, generalizations and thats why explanations, are derived from systematic, statistical and ideally mathematically disciplined empirical investigations. Winch made few and reluctant concessions to this type of view. Instancing ‘liquidity preference’ as used by economists and alluding to similar ‘technical concepts’ employed by psychoanalysts, he allowed that the ‘reflective student’ of social life may find it necessary to use concepts which are not taken from the forms of ac tivity which he is investigating. However, these technical concepts will mean a prior understanding of those other concepts which go to the actions under investigation. Even from the Wittgensteinian views with which it has unquestionable affinities, this is clearly an overstatement. Wittgenstein famously asserts that ‘Philosophy may in no way get in the way with the actual use of language; it can in the end only describe it and leaves everything as it is, if applied to the study of social life, would seem to support Winch’s point.According to Cockburn, Winch explore ideas condense in remarks which his attitude towards him is an approach towards a character in a richer and more helpful way than has any other philosopher. Winch developed these components in Wittgensteins philosophy in a way that brings out, the ethical concern, at the most basic level, of areas of our thought that philosophers have usually discussed in complete outlook from that feature. The idea that we can do the metaphysics first and deal with afterwards on, or leave to others, the ethics is, one that still dominates English language philosophy to its vast ruin. He is extremely grateful to Peter Winch for showing another way of doing philosophy; a way that restores to thinking a kind of importance that it has lost in the hands of many modern philosophers (Cockburn, 2007)The philosophy of social science is old as philosophy itself, the distinction between life and principle and the idea of rationality are dealt with by Aristotle. The precise emergence of a sub discipline of attitude with this name is a very new incidence, which in turn may itself have moved greater philosophical activity in the area. This signs is joined to the development and growth of social sciences. Social Science is all about social structures, norms and policy of behavior, assembly, exact manner of an individual act, are the things that is found in a typical person who has a good hold of common talk about so cial group and acquisition, voting and storing as the same as the social scientist. These raise the straight means, of philosophical questions about the existence of these things. Many of the philosophers are taking hold of the principle agreement of science, they have held out the vision that social science can be derived from and is reducible to psychology. For these thinkers, they view the world as a simpler place with different conducts to converse on while others are struck by reality and the reliability of the social world they are from which seems to astound their perception about it.

Unions and workers essays

Unions and workers essays The past or current tendency of unionizing or not, is the proof of the diversity of our working environment. Some factors are therefore influencing or refraining workers from joining an union: Strong craft unions: unions such as IGMETAL, are achieving job-related goals, since they benefit from substantial memberships. Therefore, they are able to defend crafts demands. Work force s protection: in a competitive context, employers are prone to implement their own policies, despite workers rights. Thus, unions enable compromises (wage reopener clause or cost-of-living adjustment). This protection is moreover vital in some areas (textile, factories), because of the usual bad working conditions. The composition of the work force: it was clearly shown, that workers who belong to minorities (because of their color, religion, gender) are not tend to unionize. Anti-unionization strategies: some firms are not willing its employees to join an union, since they could possibly protest through: picketing, boycotts, slowdowns or even strikes. These employees might crack under the corporate pressure. A lack of negotiation: in some countries (like in Italy or France), unions are not reaching agreements on collective bargaining, since craft unions are too numerous. A compromise is often complex to find. B) What is the state of the labor-unions in your country as compared to the U.S It is obvious that France unions do not benefit from a good image and renown. Indeed, french unions have proved their inefficiency to reach an agreement or to negotiate collective bargaining. Therefore, several reasons can be found. In order to impose their conditions and demands, unions are prone to focus on confrontation rather than on co-operation (mainly strikes). Furthermore, french unions are unable to fed ...

Walter Gropius, Short Profile of the Bauhaus Designer

Walter Gropius, Short Profile of the Bauhaus Designer German architect Walter Gropius (born May 18, 1883, in Berlin) helped launch modern architecture in the 20th century when he was asked by the German government to run a new school, the Bauhaus in Weimar in 1919. As an art educator, Gropius soon defined the Bauhaus school of design with his 1923 Idee und Aufbau des staatlichen Bauhauses Weimar (Idea and Structure of the Weimar State Bauhaus), which continues to influence architecture and the applied arts. The vision of the Bauhaus school has permeated world architecture- wildly influential writes Charly Wilder for The New York Times. She says it’s difficult today to find some corner of design, architecture or the arts that doesn’t bear its traces. The tubular chair, the glass-and-steel office tower, the clean uniformity of contemporary graphic design- so much of what we associate with the word modernism- has roots in a small German art school that existed for only 14 years. Bauhaus Roots, Deutsche Werkbund Walter Adolph Gropius was educated at the Technical Universities in Mà ¼nich and Berlin. Early on, Gropius experimented with the combination of technology and art, building walls with glass blocks, and creating interiors without visible supports. His architectural reputation was first established when, while working with Adolph Meyer, he designed the Fagus Works in Alfred an der Leine, Germany (1910-1911) and a model factory and office building for the first Werkbund Exhibition in Cologne (1914). The Deutsche Werkbund or German Work Federation was a state-sponsored organization of industrialists, artists, and craftsmen. Established in 1907, the Werkbund was the German fusion of the English Arts Crafts Movement with American industrialism, with the intent of making Germany competitive in an increasingly industrialized world. After World War I (1914-1918), the Werkbund ideals were subsumed into Bauhaus ideals. The word bauhaus is German, basically meaning to build (bauen) a house (haus). Staatliches Bauhaus, as the movement is sometimes called. brings to light that it was in the interest of the state or government of Germany to combine all aspects of architecture into a Gesamtkunstwerk, or complete work of art. For Germans, this was not a new idea- Bavarian stucco masters of the  Wessobrunner School in the 17th and 18th centuries also approached building as a total work of art. Bauhaus According to Gropius Walter Gropius believed that all design should be functional as well as aesthetically pleasing. His Bauhaus school pioneered a functional, severely simple architectural style, featuring the elimination of surface decoration and extensive use of glass. Perhaps more importantly, Bauhaus was an integration of the arts- that architecture should be studied along with other arts (e.g., painting) and crafts (e.g., furniture making). His artists statement was set forth in the Manifesto of April 1919: Let us strive for, conceive and create the new building of the future that will unite every discipline, architecture and sculpture and painting, and which will one day rise heavenwards from the million hands of craftsmen as a clear symbol of a new belief to come. The Bauhaus School attracted many artists, including painters Paul Klee and Wassily Kandinsky, graphic artist Kthe Kollwitz, and expressionist art groups such as Die Brà ¼cke and Der Blaue Reiter.  Marcel Breuer studied furniture making with Gropius and then led the carpentry workshop at the Bauhaus School in Dessau, Germany.  By 1927 Gropius had brought in Swiss architect Hannes Meyer to lead the architecture department. Funded by the German State, the Bauhaus School was always subject to political posturing. By 1925 the institution found more space and stability by relocating from  Weimar to  Dessau, the site of the iconic glass  Bauhaus Building Gropius designed. By 1928, having directed the school since 1919, Gropius handed in his resignation. British architect and historian Kenneth Frampton suggests this reason: The relative maturity of the institution, the unremitting attacks on himself and the growth of his practice all convinced him that it was time for a change. When Gropius resigned from the Bauhaus School in 1928, Hannes Meyer was appointed Director. A few years later, architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe became the director until the schools closing in 1933- and the rise of Adolf Hitler. Walter Gropius opposed the Nazi regime and left Germany secretly in 1934. After several years in England, the German educator began teaching architecture at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. As a Harvard professor, Gropius introduced Bauhaus concepts and design principles- teamwork, craftsmanship, standardization, and prefabrication- to a generation of American architects. In 1938, Gropius designed his own house, now open to the public, in nearby Lincoln, Massachusetts. Between 1938 to 1941, Gropius worked on several houses with Marcel Breuer, who had also immigrated to the United States. They formed the Architects Collaborative in 1945. Among their commissions were the  Harvard Graduate Center,(1946), the U.S. Embassy in Athens, and the University of Baghdad. One of Gropiuss later projects, in collaboration with Pietro Belluschi, was the 1963 Pam Am Building (now the Metropolitan Life Building) in New York City, designed in an architectural style dubbed International by American architect Philip Johnson (1906-2005).   Gropius died in Boston, Massachusetts on July 5, 1969. He is buried in Brandenburg, Germany. Learn More The Bauhaus, 1919–1933, The Metropolitan Museum of ArtA Bauhaus Life: Is Bauhaus Too International for America?The New Architecture and the Bauhaus by Walter Gropius, trans. P. Morton Shand, MIT PressWalter Gropius by Siegfried Giedion, Dover, 1992Gropius by Gilbert Lupfer and Paul Sigel, Taschen Basic Architecture, 2005Gropius: An Illustrated Biography of the Creator of the Bauhaus by Reginald Isaacs, 1992From Bauhaus to Our House by Tom Wolfe, 1981 Sources Kenneth Frampton, Modern Architecture (3rd ed., 1992).Charly Wilderaug, On the Bauhaus Trail in Germany, The New York Times, August 10, 2016.

A Review of the Costs and Benefits of Globalisation Essay

A Review of the Costs and Benefits of Globalisation - Essay Example It will also include the continuing debate over globalisation as well as the possible compromises and solutions. Lastly, it will present a brief observation on the progresses and achievements of globalisation thus far. Analysis of the Economic and Political benefits of Globalisation   Globalisation increases the use and transfer of science management competencies and products of science and technology, generating advantageous situations for underdeveloped and developing nations to acquire and build sophisticated technology, advancing their own management and organisation proficiencies, and perform the processes of industrialisation and modernisation (Amoore 2005). Globalisation builds favourable conditions to accelerate the adjustment of occupational arrangement within a nation. Every nation can gain advantage from the alteration of economic system to capitalise on its vantage points in the market. Globalisation generates positive circumstances for underdeveloped nations to take ad vantage of foreign investment for the conduct of industrialisation and modernisation, by making use of foreign and local assets efficiently (Ritzer & Atalay 2010). Globalisation builds an excellent condition for the formation of the global economy. The inputs from global information system, infrastructure, and advanced technology have enhanced business success and production efficiency, improved productivity, surpass problems of oversupply, and reduced prices (Stonehouse et al. 2004). An enlarged market brings about advantageous conditions for economic competition and alliance, giving rise to mutual growth and development. Globalisation builds favourable situations for every nation to...This essay offers a fact-based analysis of the benefits and costs of globalisation to political economies all over the world. There is also the continuing debate over globalisation as well as the possible compromises and solutions in the paper. Globalisation increases the use and transfer of science management competencies and products of science and technology, generating advantageous situations for underdeveloped and developing nations to acquire and build sophisticated technology, advancing their own management and organisation proficiencies, and perform the processes of industrialisation and modernisation. Globalisation builds an excellent condition for the formation of the global economy. The inputs from global information system, infrastructure, and advanced technology have enhanced business success and production efficiency, improved productivity, surpass problems of oversupply. Support for globalisation remains pervasive, particularly when multilateralism is perceived an element for reinforcing social values and norms. Specifically, the compromise between global action and local independence remains authentic. Every nation has to adapt its political economies to global policies in order to incorporate into the global economy, take part in global markets, exploit capital, and enhance human resources and technology. The benefits of globalisation rely on global regulations and standards. It implies that every nation has to confront the demands of the local and global economy and negative aspects of the market economy.

American Indian Philosophy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

American Indian Philosophy - Research Paper Example According to them, we get life from this environment and it helps us to grow up. It is a most foolish thing ever if somebody does not care for the natural environment. It also offers ethical aspects of life for example interpersonal relationships must be kind and free of distrust, people should exercise generosity instead of greed and there should be a worshipful and religious lifestyle rather than implementing on Sunday only religion. 1. Nature and the Physical Universe 1.1. Our Relationship with Natural World Relationship of individuals with the natural world is viewed in different ways by numerous philosophers and theorists. It is specified as an ambiguous and wooly rapport by some philosophers. While at the same time, many theories and concepts contradict with each other. The American Indian school of thought implies that people are the custodians of God on earth. They are sent to take care of this earth and environment. For the sake of reward, God has blessed man with a wide ran ge of facilities to enjoy with. Humanity factor is also an important feature which affects the social life as well as the environment. In the view of other schools of thoughts and religious opinion, it is concerned that human, humanity, ethics, God, Mother Earth and environment are coordinated with each other (Smith and Thomas, 29). An individual has to carry its relationship of custodian which is specified by God. It is an implied duty which ought to be fulfilled by everyone. 1.2. Indian Time The Indian concept of time is rigorously ambiguous and complicated as compared to tradition western concept does. It implies that components in this universe are incessantly shifting, moving and transforming. Static time concept infuses the Indian notion of time. It further entails the phenomenology that an individual can never step in to the same place twice. It is more significant if the conceding effect of Indian notion of time can be observed indeed. In simple words, Indian time is the not ion which describes the wider universality in a sense of continuous shifting around the scope and conditions of the universe. 1.3. Insights in to the Nature of Universe Nature and origin of the universe is explicated through several processes and progressions. The lucid insights towards religious and material world may be identified differently. Following are the views or processes which provide roadmap to create better understanding related to universe and its existence. Dualism: distinction of the parts prevailing in the universe is based upon two different parts such as being and non-being or mind or matter. Monism: this concept provides the basic idea that all is one. The derivation point of this idea is based upon oneness of God. All that is found in the world is directly related to God. This concept is more concerned with religion rather than logic. Monistic Theism: This state occurs anywhere between dualism and monism. Nature of God is derived as inspirational and subjective both. This offers a personal soul oriented relationship with God in an indifference way. Pantheism: It is some kind of extremist view about revealing that all is God and God is all. It permits that everything that exists in the universe is a forceful reaction of emanation of one God. The concept of monism is least favorable in presence of pantheism. 1.4. Meaning of Mother Earth According to a general view, Mother Earth (or sometimes known as Mother Nature) is a kind of personification for nature. It

The War Poems of Wilfred Owen - Contradicting the Classical Ideas of He

Contradicting the Classical Ideas of Heroism and Romanticism in Dulce et Decorum est, The Send Off, But I Was Looking At The Permanent Stars, The Deadbeat soldier, Counter Attack, Metal Cases and other War Poems by Wilfred Owen   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Owen displays the reality of war, atypically shown in 20th century literature. By divulging the secrecies and terrors of brutal warfare, he exposes the superficiality of valor and false heroism; through his vivid writing, he opens the eyelids of his readers and discloses, â€Å"the old lie (Owen, Dulce et Decorum est, 25). Owen breaks idealism, replacing it with illness, physical injuries, exhaustion, fatigue and personal hells. Contrasting the Hemingway code hero, Owen displays the reality of war, which diverges from the epic and heroic displays of war displayed through classic characters like the code hero.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The dead beat soldier symbolizes classic 20th century anti-war sentiments. Flesh torn and maggot eaten, skin writhing, crack and molested from heat; the dead beat soldier is presumably one of the most wretched people, and one with the most deathlike traits. Death written in his eyes, he walks fruitlessly with no aim; for one who walks with no purpose is the living dead. Both mind and spirit have been broken, the pieces of body that seem to drop off fall in line with what is already lost; this is the result of war. The soldier can be looked at as the living dead because although he is alive, he is dead in mind and spirit and heart. â€Å"He dropped,- more sullenly that wearily, lay stupid like a cod, heavy like meat (Owen, The Deadbeat soldier, 1-2).† â€Å"Just blinker at my revolver, blearily; didn’t appear to know a war was on (3-4).† The deadbeat soldier reverts to a fetal like mental state, incapable of noticing or responding to the world around them. This state is not so much a rupture in brutish nature, but a reversion back to nothingness and unknowingness for protection; rather both mind and body shut down from weariness. The dead beat soldier no longer responds to their environment; it’s as if their reality no longer exists. They are not worn from war, but rather circumstance and loss of hope, lives and chance. â€Å"It’s Blighty, ‘praps, he sees; his pluck’s all gone, dreaming of all the valiant, they aren’t dead: Bold uncles, smiling ministerially (10-12).† â€Å"Maybe his brave young wife, getting her fun. In some new home, ... ...and the Young, 7-11).† Isaac is betrayed by his father and murderers that he may have more glory symbolizing the government and soldiers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reasons why the men chose to go into war are shown as foolish and not self-controlled. â€Å"It was after football, when he’d drank a peg, He thought he’d better join- He wonders why (Disabled 23-24).† â€Å"Smiling they wrote his lie: age 19 years. Germans he scarcely thought of; all their guilt, And Austria’s, did not move him. And no fears of Fear came yet. He thought of jeweled hilts For daggers in plaid socks; of smart solutes; And care of Arms; and leave; and pay arrears. This was the â€Å"old lie (28),† imbedded in the young men. â€Å"There was no glory, little or no honor; Some cheered him home, but not as a crowd cheers a goal (Disabled, 37-39).† Owen tries to discard the â€Å"old lie (28),† through his war poems and through smart prose creates a plausible contradiction to classical ideas of heroism and romanticism. Works Cited Owen, Wilfred. Wilfred Owen: Collected Letters. Ed. Harold Owen and John Bell. London: Oxford UP, 1967. -----. Wilfred Owen: The Complete Poems and Fragments. Ed. John Stallworthy. 2 vols. New York: Norton, 1984. The War Poems of Wilfred Owen - Contradicting the Classical Ideas of He Contradicting the Classical Ideas of Heroism and Romanticism in Dulce et Decorum est, The Send Off, But I Was Looking At The Permanent Stars, The Deadbeat soldier, Counter Attack, Metal Cases and other War Poems by Wilfred Owen   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Owen displays the reality of war, atypically shown in 20th century literature. By divulging the secrecies and terrors of brutal warfare, he exposes the superficiality of valor and false heroism; through his vivid writing, he opens the eyelids of his readers and discloses, â€Å"the old lie (Owen, Dulce et Decorum est, 25). Owen breaks idealism, replacing it with illness, physical injuries, exhaustion, fatigue and personal hells. Contrasting the Hemingway code hero, Owen displays the reality of war, which diverges from the epic and heroic displays of war displayed through classic characters like the code hero.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The dead beat soldier symbolizes classic 20th century anti-war sentiments. Flesh torn and maggot eaten, skin writhing, crack and molested from heat; the dead beat soldier is presumably one of the most wretched people, and one with the most deathlike traits. Death written in his eyes, he walks fruitlessly with no aim; for one who walks with no purpose is the living dead. Both mind and spirit have been broken, the pieces of body that seem to drop off fall in line with what is already lost; this is the result of war. The soldier can be looked at as the living dead because although he is alive, he is dead in mind and spirit and heart. â€Å"He dropped,- more sullenly that wearily, lay stupid like a cod, heavy like meat (Owen, The Deadbeat soldier, 1-2).† â€Å"Just blinker at my revolver, blearily; didn’t appear to know a war was on (3-4).† The deadbeat soldier reverts to a fetal like mental state, incapable of noticing or responding to the world around them. This state is not so much a rupture in brutish nature, but a reversion back to nothingness and unknowingness for protection; rather both mind and body shut down from weariness. The dead beat soldier no longer responds to their environment; it’s as if their reality no longer exists. They are not worn from war, but rather circumstance and loss of hope, lives and chance. â€Å"It’s Blighty, ‘praps, he sees; his pluck’s all gone, dreaming of all the valiant, they aren’t dead: Bold uncles, smiling ministerially (10-12).† â€Å"Maybe his brave young wife, getting her fun. In some new home, ... ...and the Young, 7-11).† Isaac is betrayed by his father and murderers that he may have more glory symbolizing the government and soldiers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reasons why the men chose to go into war are shown as foolish and not self-controlled. â€Å"It was after football, when he’d drank a peg, He thought he’d better join- He wonders why (Disabled 23-24).† â€Å"Smiling they wrote his lie: age 19 years. Germans he scarcely thought of; all their guilt, And Austria’s, did not move him. And no fears of Fear came yet. He thought of jeweled hilts For daggers in plaid socks; of smart solutes; And care of Arms; and leave; and pay arrears. This was the â€Å"old lie (28),† imbedded in the young men. â€Å"There was no glory, little or no honor; Some cheered him home, but not as a crowd cheers a goal (Disabled, 37-39).† Owen tries to discard the â€Å"old lie (28),† through his war poems and through smart prose creates a plausible contradiction to classical ideas of heroism and romanticism. Works Cited Owen, Wilfred. Wilfred Owen: Collected Letters. Ed. Harold Owen and John Bell. London: Oxford UP, 1967. -----. Wilfred Owen: The Complete Poems and Fragments. Ed. John Stallworthy. 2 vols. New York: Norton, 1984.

Harvard Business Review Case- Revere Street Essay

After analysis of Mr. Alexander’s proposal, it is obvious why he should take advantage of a real estate investment opportunity. The experience he would gain coupled with the added income would establish a solid foundation for making more investments in the future. To this end, however, I find Alexander’s plan for the Revere Street property falls short. A major deficiency is that his projections are almost entirely predicated on estimates and assumptions that are neither conservative nor reliable. In a similar vein, Alexander’s â€Å"DIY† approach is not only exemplar of naivetà ©, but also suggestive of many implications that were overlooked in his proposal. And, even more discouraging, a best-case scenario analysis reveals that even without complication, there is little room for error afforded by the plan. Therefore, I would not advise Alexander to move forward with his investment strategy, as its potential for reward is far outweighed by its risk. In a vacuum, Alexander’s proposal would be very feasible and attractive, but in reality the real estate and rental industries are incredibly volatile and hard to predict even for specialists in those fields. The success of Alexander’s proposal is not just contingent upon a host of variables, but variables forecasted by an amateur lacking a sense of conservatism. To begin, the projected costs of the project include no allowance for incidentals. This is a giant red flag. Even if Alexander outsourced certain responsibilities to experts, the likelihood of error and unforeseen costs in bidding for a property, closing the sale, major construction and renovation, and managing a rental property is almost certain. So, without a contingency reserve, the problems are obvious. But even worse, Alexander, a nonspecialist in any of these pursuits, is the one handling a majority of these functions- this means it is no longer a question of will there be unforeseen costs, but actually how much should be anticipated? On this front alone I am incredibly skeptical of the proposal. To bring this project to fruition and realize the gains projected, the following processes need to occur without incident: Alexander’s bid must be accepted by the seller, which requires that he obtain an appropriate mortgage, and avoid forfeiting his deposit, which could be something to the tune of $17,500 or more. For the closing sale of the property to go smoothly, there mustn’t be any lien issues from the existing bank withholding loan proceeds to the architect, since the construction was not finished. After this, the construction needs to be essentially error free and at an expedited pace to be complete by the four month timeframe set- and this is without a professional general contractor. Additionally, the job must not exceed the $165,000 figure that was given by a non-independent contractor, who very likely may have given a low-ball estimate to seem like an attractive candidate. The last architect was off by $115,0001, indicating that the scope of the work necessary to complete the job may be deceptive and much greater than anticipated, however there is no reserve beyond budgeted amount, making this possibly the hardest mission to accomplish. If, however, the project is completed within the four allotted months, and without going over budget, the next phase is filling vacancies, which Alexander is also planning to have accomplished by the end of the fourth month. This means that during the construction process, Alexander must also be actively marketing vacancies, searching for, interviewing, and selecting tenants, and securing leases. These tenants must also be willing to accept the rental rates to achieve Alexander’s target level of rental income, which are almost $10,000 higher than the current owner’s figures. If this is not accomplished, he could be losing $2,000 per month on each unoccupied unit. Beyond these start-up efforts, Alexander’s plan will only be successful if the operating costs do not exceed what is specifically budgeted for in his cash flow assumptions- these do not include costs of fixing up the units between tenants, updates, reserves for evictions, bad tenants, or law suits, and any other unforeseeable expenses. Though possible, it is incredibly hard to imagine that the stars would align so perfectly that all the aforementioned conditions are met as forecasted and result in triumph. It seems much more likely that some unforeseen incident will paralyze the process, creating a rippling effect that throws off virtually all of Alexander’s predictions. For example, a delay in the closing process would delay construction, delaying when tenants can move in and therefore when income can start being generated, and so on. The plan is contingent upon virtually incident-free operation that is somehow achieved under the direction of an amateur- this is fundamentally flawed. As such, I believe Alexander’s proposal is far too deficient in and of itself to be used as a viable plan. Beyond the limitations of the actual plan, another shortcoming of pursuing this opportunity on Revere Street are the serious implications associated with Alexander’s â€Å"do-it-yourself† approach. By not outsourcing responsibilities to experts, he may be avoiding the explicit employment costs, but he is likely to pay more for doing the job himself later. For example, hiring a general contractor would ensure that the building is constructed to code, would be more efficient because the GC would know how to best handle subcontractors and manage the overall project, both of which would help expedite the process and give Alexander time to do other value-added functions. If not, Alexander risks serious code-violation liabilities, will probably manage less effectively, and the project could therefore take much longer than anticipated, which has the same rippling effect as in the aforementioned. Additionally, Alexander may have seriously underestimated how demanding the project will be, and did not consider anywhere in his proposal how this may compromise his current full time job. Even with a general contractor hired, he will still be tasked to find tenants to fill the vacancies, while juggling the rest of the logistics, and it seems like a tall order. Since it is already included in the budget, I would hire outside management at least for the duration of construction to help find tenants. One of the major issues being an amateur in this field is determining good tenants from bad, and the costs associated with bad tenants could be significant, and again are something that Alexander did not include in his projected costs. Management would be instrumental in mitigating this risk, as they are usually well versed in landlord-tenant laws that Alexander may not be aware of, and also add more time for Alexander to focus on other important responsibilities. In general, I disagree with Alexander’s plan to save costs by doing work himself, because this generates a greater risk for both explicit and implicit costs- i.e. bad landlord-tenant relationships could taint Alexander’s reputation and dissuade other potential tenants from renting. He also risks compromise to performance at his current job, general welfare, and all of his time. By outsourcing some of the responsibilities, many of these issues could be avoided. But, if problems do arise, is it worth the consequences? Though the risks are significant and abundant, the potential for profit is always worth considering before dismissing an opportunity. To assess the profitability of Alexander’s plan, I ran a best-case scenario analysis. By exclusively using the figures as set forth in the proposal, and excluding the additional costs I outlined above but were overlooked by Alexander, I determined the ceiling for profit potential. Exhibit 1 shows the cash flow assumptions, including costs and cash not included in Alexander’s cash flow statement, but included in his proposal. Holding all other factors constant, year 1 of operations would realize only $2,113 in NOI and year 2, and all subsequent years, would see $15,610. On a $99,000 cash investment, his pretax return in year 1 would only be 2.13%, and then 15.8% in subsequent years. However, this is a best-case scenario, and given the major caveats discussed in the aforementioned, I believe that Alexander will actually not break even in the first year, and be looking at a significantly lower rate of return in years to come. So, even if everything were entirely feasible and it didn’t come at such an immense risk, I would not say that the effort put into this project would even be worth it. One of the biggest risks concerning insolvency is that should Alexander not be able to cover his debts, under the bank’s law, he is personally responsible, which means that this investment could end up in devastation for him and his family. With so much uncertainty, and not a big return, the risk is just too great to justify pursuit of the reward. In sum, because of faults with the plan itself, the major implications of Alexander’s DIY approach, and a return greatly exceeded by the associated risks, Alexander should not invest in the Revere Street property. However, I do agree that pursuing a real estate investment opportunity is wise, but under certain conditions. One of the biggest conditions that must be met is that he base his projections and make his plans off of expert opinions- he should invest in help and recognize that as an amateur, he is neither qualified nor capable of making the best decisions, and would benefit from seeking expert advice. Similarly, he should place more emphasis on the value of outsourcing to professionals, and less on blind trust in his own capabilities. This will also help to see the inherent value in outsourcing as the opportunity cost of not doing so might eventually end up being greater. Lastly, Alexander should invest in a property where the reward   is worth the risk, and make more conservative estimates to determine profitability. By following these steps, I believe he will be able to successfully gain the experience and equity base in real estate that he was seeking.

Nuclear Power Disasters Fukushima Daiichi - 920 Words

Nuclear Power Disasters: Fukushima Daiichi Fukushima Daiichi joins the ranks of nuclear disasters that include Chernobyl (1989) and Three Mile Island (1979). Fukushima Daiini, sat alongside Daiichi, and was not damaged during the earthquake or tsunami. It is still operable. Worldwide, there are 439 (GW 377) and 69 (GW 66) nuclear power plants—although not all are in operation, at this time. Nuclear power plants are either nuclear fusion, nuclear fission, or power that is derived from nuclear decay. Many of these plants have been in operation since the late 60s and early 70s and have not created any disasters or near disasters. Nuclear power, for what it’s worth, is considered clean, renewable, and safe energy. Japanese Earthquake and†¦show more content†¦To ensure backup power, nuclear power plants have generators to keep water circulating and cooling the fuel rods. There were 13 generators on-site and only one of those was undamaged by the tsunami. The generators for Fukushima Daiichi were installed on the ocean side of the plant, as well. What happened, and what created the disaster was the failure of the generators to come into play. The first of the Daiichi power units exploded within 17 to 24 hours of the initial event. Without the ability to pump water over the fuel rods, the rods continue to heat until they reach unsustainability and the plant exploded. Three employees were killed as a result of the earthquake and tsunami and hundreds more have worked diligently to remove and cleanup the affected buildings. Thus far, none of those employees have died. Studies performed in the 1960s showed that the sea level, at which the Fukushima plants were designed and built, was acceptable for tsunami conditions. At the time the studies were done, a tsunami and earthquake of such a magnitude as that which hit northeastern Japan was unknown and newer studies—done since 2011—have altered the original findings. In truth, the 13 generators located ocean-side should not have been installed in that location, as the surviving plant Daiini’s generators were located on the opposite side—on land—and that plant survived with only minimal structural